Sunday, February 24, 2013
Wednesday, February 20, 2013
Narrative Therapy
Overview:
Narrative therapy was developed by Michael White and David Epston. These individuals were influenced by Michel Foucault who thought that normalizing practices were damaging to individuals. He believed that these practices undermine people's efforts to lead their own life. Narrative therapy looks at clients' innate strengths and resources, and pay attention to patterns of meaning in life histories. This is a therapy in which therapists emphasize stories of people's lives. This makes a difference in clients' lives by telling and retelling stories. Narrative therapy works to separate the problem from the personal identity of clients. This concept is referred to as externalization. Also, this form of therapy requires the therapist to listen intensely and to be persistent. The therapist must track the problem's effect on the clients' lives and look at how the problem "influences, tricks, or recruits" the client. Another strategy used by therapists in narrative therapy is the use of "exception questions." An example of an "exception question" is "What's the longest time you stood up to booze?" Therapists then use these stories as evidence that a person is strong. This is also how the client and the therapist work to "rewrite the life story." After this, the client works to think about future developments of the new life.
Impact on Addictions:
Narrative therapy could have an impact on the treatment of addictions. This therapy could work to help clients in numerous stages, especially the shame, guilt, and anger stage. In this stage, therapists using narrative therapy could use an exception question and help the person to see that they are strong and that they can work to change their lives. This therapy could help to break this cycle by showing the client that there is hope and that in rewriting their life story, they can break their addiction.Helpful in My Future Career:
This approach could help me in the future with my career in that I can use it to work with clients. I can have them tell stories and intrepret these stories in a therapeutic way. Also, I can use exception questions to help clients understand their strengths and have hope for the future.References:
Van Wormer, K, & Davis, D. R. (2008). Addiction treatment: A strengths perspective. (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.Monday, February 4, 2013
Compulsive Shopping
Definition:
Compulsive spending is an addiction that can cause
many issues for not only the addict, but also his/her family and friends. Compulsive
shopping is “a pattern of chronic, repetitive purchasing that becomes difficult
to stop and ultimately results in harmful consequences” (Illinois Institute for
Addiction Recovery, n.d., pg. 1). Compulsive shopping is considered to be an
impulse control disorder. It has features similar to other addictions; however
it does not involve the use of an intoxicating drug (Illinois Institute for
Addiction Recovery, n.d.). Approximately 2 to 8% of individuals in the United
States are thought to be prone to shopping compulsively (Wormer & Davis,
2008). Compulsive shopping is a cycle of spending, which makes the individual
feeling happy and gratified. The individual then experiences after effects of
remorse and guilt. These negative feelings then drive the individual back to
purchasing again. Many compulsive shoppers have co-morbid disorders, such as
mood disorders, substance abuse, or eating disorders. This addiction can also
affect the individual’s interpersonal, occupational, family, and financial
situation in life (Illinois Institute for addiction Recovery, n.d.).
How to determine if it is an addiction:
If an individual identifies with 4 or more of the
following behaviors, this indicates a possible problem with shopping or
spending (Illinois Institute for Addiction Recovery, n.d.).
·
Shopping or spending money as result of
feeling disappointed, angry, or scared
·
Shopping or spending habits causing
emotional distress in one’s life
·
Having arguments with others about one’s
shopping or spending habits
·
Feeling lost without credit cards
·
Buying items on credit that would not be
bought with cash
·
Feeling a rush of euphoria and enxiety
when spending money
·
Felling guilty, ashamed, embarrassed, or
confused after shopping or spending money
·
Lying to other about purchases made or
how much money was spent
·
Thinking excessively about money
·
Spending a lot of time juggling accounts
or bills to accommodate spending
Treatment:
In order to overcome compulsive shopping, some steps
that individuals can take are to “have only one or no credit cards, to shop
with cash only, to avoid shopping or buying online, and to exercise when there
is an urge to shop (Wormer & Davis, 2008, pg. 311). Individuals who are
experiencing compulsive shopping can also receive therapy for their shopping
addiction. Because there is often an underlying reason for compulsive shopping,
therapists work with the client in order to understand these issues. By
understanding these issues that the client may not even be aware of, the client
is able to deal with the real problem and can work to improve this issue. In
doing this, the individual will be better able to control his/her compulsions
(GoodTherapy.org, 2013). There are also groups called Debtors Anonymous (DA),
which are becoming more popular in the United States. These groups are compared
to AA and NA. The individuals at DA first admit that they have a problem and
then work to create a budget and a repayment plan. This group also serves as a
support system for the individual (Wormer & Davis, 2013). References:
GoodTherapy.org. (2013). Compulsive spending/shopping. Retrieved from http://www.goodtherapy.org/therapy-for-compulsive-shopping.html#Therapy
for Shopping Addiction
Illinois Institute for Addiction Recovery. (n. d.). Shopping. Retrieved from http://www.addictionrecov.org/Addictions/?AID=34
Van Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2008). Addiction treatment: A strengths perspective (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Image from https://www.google.com/
Friday, February 1, 2013
Ketamine
Overview
Ketamine, also referred to as K, Special K, Vitamin
K, green, and jet, is a hallucinogen and dissociative drug. Ketamine can be
snorted, swallowed, or injected (DrugFree.org, 2013). Some short-term effects
include dream-like states and hallucinations, sensations of being separated
from the body, and terrifying feelings including near-death experiences (“bad
trips” and “K-holes”). Low doses of Ketamine can cause impaired attention, learning
ability, and memory and high doses can result in delirium, amnesia, impaired
motor function, high blood pressure, depression, and potentially fatal respiratory
problems (DrugFree.org, 2013). Ketamine effects resemble the state of mind of
schizophrenic psychosis (World Health Organization, 2012). These effects also
resemble those of PCP, but the effects last for a much shorter duration. Because
Ketamine is odorless and tasteless, the drug is sometimes used as a “drug rape.”
(DrugFree.org, 2013).
History
Ketamine was created by Doctor Calvin Stevens in
1962 as a replacement for anesthetic phencyclidine (PCP or “angel dust”)
because of the unpredictable and violent effect it had on patients
(TheSite.org, 2010). Ketamine became popular as an anesthetic drug in the
medical field because “of its ability to bring on sleep, relieve pain, and
produce short-term memory loss in surgical patients” (eNotes, n.d., pg 1).
Doctors felt that the drug would also make patients feel more relaxed and
comfortable when awaking from surgery. In the 1970s, physicians began to use
this drug on patients. It was also used on the battlefield by the military as
an anesthetic. This increased use of Ketamine lead to the spread of knowledge
of the drug’s effects. Ketamine has also used by veterinarians during surgical
procedures on animals.(eNotes, n.d.)
Although using hallucinogenic drugs began to become
popular in the 1970s, Ketamine did not become popular until the late 1980s and
early 1990s. This drug slowly emerged as a club drug, which was used at raves. Ketamine
continued to gain in popularity among young people through the middle and late
1990s (eNotes, n.d.).
Today, Ketamine is illegal and cannot be legally
sold or bought without a prescription in the United States. The DEA added Ketamine
to the list of Substance III drugs on August 12, 1999. According to the
Controlled Substances Act, Substance III drugs can be used for medical use
(eNotes, n.d.). A current study from Monitoring the Future Study “reports the
annual prevalence in school students as 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.7% for 8th,
10th, and 12th grade (World Health Organization, 2012, pg
4).
Addiction and Treatment
Although Ketamine abuse does not often lead to a
physical addiction, as with alcohol or heroine, individuals who abuse this drug
can become psychologically addicted to the substance and the effects that it
produces. Thus, when these individuals cease the use of Ketamine, they may
experience cognitive and psychological symptoms, which make it very difficult
for them to stop using the drug. Treatment for Ketamine abuse and addiction can
depend on the age and gender of the patient, the amount of time drug abuse
occurred and the severity of the problem. It can also depend on if there are
any co-occurring disorders (CRC Health Group, 2011).
Treatment options for Ketamine abuse include outpatient,
residential, or partial hospitalization. There are numerous therapies and
techniques that can be used to treat Ketamine abuse, such as individual
therapy, group therapy, family therapy, 12-Step education, relapse-prevention
instruction, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, biofeedback
and neurofeedback, medication management, anger management, hypnotherapy, and
recreation therapy (CRC Health Group, 2011).
My Thoughts
References
CRC Health Group. (2011). Treatment for ketamine addiction. Retrieved from http://www.crchealth.com/addiction/ketamine-addiction-treatment/
DrugFree.org. (2013). Ketamine. Retrieved from http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/ketamine
eNotes. (n.d.). Ketamine.
Retrieved from http://www.enotes.com/ketamine-reference/ketamine
TheSite.org. (2010). Ketamine: The story. Retrieved from http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugculture/wheredrugscomefrom/ketamine
World Health Organization. (2012). Ketamine: Expert peer review on critical
review report (2). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4.2.1ExpertreviewKetaminecriticalreview.pdf
Image from google images.
Habit Experiment
For our addictions class, we are doing an experiment
in which we are choosing a habit to change. We began tracking our habits two
weeks ago and kept track of how often we did specific habits. After tracking
our habits, we chose one to change. We will work for 90 days to change the
habit and continually keep track of how often it occurs, what we do to try to
change the habit, and the results of the experiment.
The habit that I chose to change for this experiment
is my exercise routine. I want to begin working out at least four times a week,
every week. The reason that I chose this for my habit is the fact that I always
want to exercise more. Every time I do this though I am successful the first
week, but after that I make excuses, such as I am too busy, too tired, etc. And
so I am going to use this experiment as a way to force me to stick to this
habit. This change will impact me in that I will become more physically healthy
and will feel better. Also, when I do not work out I do not sleep as well, and
so I am hoping that by doing this I will begin to sleep better. I am very
committed to making this change and would my commitment as 8 out of 10. My specific goals pertaining to my new exercise plan is to work out at least four times a week for 45 minutes to an hour. I will track this every week and keep track of any reasons I do not workout. In order to be successful, I am going to try to go to the gym when my friends go. This will make it more fun for me and they will also encourage me to go even when I am busy or tired.
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